Death, Be Not Proud by John Donne - 755 Words

In John Donne’s sonnet â€Å"Death, Be Not Proud† death is closely examined and Donne writes about his views on death and his belief that people should not live in fear of death, but embrace it. â€Å"Death, Be Not Proud† is a Shakespearean sonnet that consists of three quatrains and one concluding couplet, of which I individually analyzed each quatrain and the couplet to elucidate Donne’s arguments with death. Donne converses with death, and argues that death is not the universal destroyer of life. He elaborates on the conflict with death in each quatrain through the use of imagery, figurative language, and structure. These elements not only increase the power of Donne’s message, but also symbolize the meaning of hope of eternal life as the†¦show more content†¦Here death is actually more pleasurable than sleep, and that many people are ready to embrace death in looking forward to eternal life. The third quatrain outright mocks and belittles death’s power, and it again is personified by Donne. Here the personification of death weakens the idea of death to a mere â€Å"slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,† and reinforces that death has to play by the rules just like mortals (Donne 1100). Death is being controlled by many forces that have authority over who, how, and when death may do its job. This argument takes away death’s mystery by making death mortal, which is neither threatening or in control of anything. Donne puts death’s domain in the gutter among â€Å"poison, war, and sickness†, and so all should be treated with equal scorn and disrespect. The power of death is again disregarded when Donne states â€Å"And poppy or charms can make us sleep as well† (Donne 1100). He compares death to charms and drugs, which are simple things to help bring sleep to people â€Å"as well†(Donne 1100). Also he illustrates tha t death does not measure up to â€Å"charms† and â€Å"poppy† because they are the enjoyable experience of death and you can wake up from them. This proves that mortals can achieve exactly what death does, so death lost what was left of its pride. Donne patronizes death, â€Å"And better than thy stroke; why swell’st though then?† which questions and condemns any reasoningShow MoreRelatedDeath Be Not Proud By John Donne1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe progression of societal beliefs regarding our approach towards death is dependent upon the changing nature of both cultural and historical contexts. In Donne’s Holy Sonnet ‘Death be not proud’ he uses second person narration to address â€Å"Death† as â€Å"thou†, â€Å"thee† and â€Å"thy†, death is not considered conceptually but anthropomorphised as the poems fundamental pride. In ‘Death be not proud’, we see how the rumination of death is shaped by Elizabethan values. Through the subverted Petrarchan structureRead MoreDeath, Be Not Proud, By John Donne1303 Words   |  6 PagesDeath and mortality are common themes widely used throughout poetry and other numerous works of literature. As well as this, death is a common occurrence in life, and though most people refuse to accept or acknowledge it, everyone must deal with it at some point in their lifetime. Whether it be the death of a family member, friend, or the final stages of your own life you will experience death in some way. In the poems, â€Å"Death, be not proud† and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† the speakersRead MoreDeath Be Not Proud By John Donne1908 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Donne’s poem, â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† (1633), is only one of the impressive poems in his collection: The Holy Sonnets. In â€Å"Death Be Not Proud†, Donne expresses his Anglican beliefs as he addresses death’s fraudulent image and u njustified pride. Donne’s audience is death, but his poem is also intended for its  readers, who  Ã¢â‚¬Å"some have called [death] / Mighty and dreadful† (1-2). He begins the poem with a calm, conversational tone, but becomes more aggressive and expositive as his poem progresses.Read MoreJohn Donne Death Be Not Proud Analysis799 Words   |  4 PagesIs Death the Finale? Death has always been an intriguing topic in literature. Writers have been confounded by the idea of death and the unknown afterlife for centuries. Some people believe death is the end of all things because nothing can withstand it. In John Donne’s poem, â€Å"Death, be not proud,† the poet explains his personal understanding of death and its permanence. This poem is a narrative sonnet. Although this sonnet follows the rhyme scheme of an Italian sonnet (abba cddc effe gg), it alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Be Not Proud By John Donne745 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holy Sonnet, â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† written by John Donne. He was the founder of metaphysical poems in the Elizabeth period and a religious figure. A Metaphysical Poetic style maybe philosophical and spiritual subjects that were approached with reason and often concluded in paradox. Metaphysical poets examined serious questions about existence of God the Holy Sonnet 10 was one of nineteen other Holy So nnets he wrote. Donne was famous for his poems of life, death, and religion. This poem was writtenRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Be Not Proud By John Donne1488 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his poems, John Donne uses literary devices, such as imagery and diction, to discuss an overarching theme of death along with its religious implications, done most noticeably in the Holy Sonnet â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† and the lyrical poem â€Å"Hymn to God, My God, In My Sickness.† He also elaborates on the complexity of emotion, particularly in the metaphysical love poem, â€Å"The Flea.† Donne’s witty and clever style paired with his affinity for social and religious commentary allows his works toRead MoreAn Analysis Of Death, Be Not Proud By John Donne916 Words   |  4 PagesMany fear death just simply thinking about it; however, John Donne’s persona in the poem â€Å"Death, Be Not Proud† (published in 1633) interpret death as something pleasant rat her than the absolute end. â€Å"Death, Be Not Proud† is a single stanza consist of fourteen lines, aka a sonnet, which most line contain a word with the letter t (thee, thou, and thy) addressing to death. On the surface, one may think the poem is about one approaching to death with the thought of death can intimidate them as well asRead MoreAn Analysis Of Death Be Not Proud By John Donne849 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Donne automatically tells us who the speaker is addressing in his poem â€Å"Death be Not Proud†; death. The speaker uses apostrophe and addresses death, an abstract idea, as if it were a person. The poet pretends that death is capable of understanding his feelings, as he informally confronts death and belittles him, and tells death to not be arrogant because even though some have called him mighty and fearful, he is not. People call death these things and fear him so much for no reason, becauseRead MoreDefeated by Fate: Death be not Proud, by John Donne i757 Words   |  3 PagesIs death a slave to fate or is it a dreaded reality? People differ on the opinion of death, some people view death as a new beginning which should not be feared, while many people perceive death as an atrocious monster. Death be not proud, by John Donne is a poem that challenges death and the idea of its ferocity. Donne’s work is greatly influenced by the death of his countless family members, friends and spouse. Donne was not only a poet, but he was also a priest in the Church of England, so hisRead MoreThe Rising Sun and Death be not Proud by John Donne Essay2130 Words   |  9 PagesIn this essay I will mainly focus on two poems written by John Donne, The Rising Sun and Death be not proud. These poems were written during the Elizabethan era, which was an era mainly characterized by love and colonialism, on separate terms of course. These principles often influenced poets who lived during this period. Their poetry acts as testimonies of their u nderlying thoughts and desires. Furthermore, metaphysical poets deliver a more divine and profound perspective to their poetry. Within

Cognitive Enrichment Advantage Applications for an Interdisciplinary Article

Essays on Cognitive Enrichment Advantage: Applications for an Interdisciplinary Approach to Adult Learning by Taylor Article The paper "Cognitive Enrichment Advantage: Applications for an Interdisciplinary Approach to Adult Learning by Taylor" is a wonderful example of an article on education. In this article, the has suggested Cognitive Enrichment Advantage (CEA) as a very beneficial approach to mediated learning in the context of adult education. The author has identified three particular areas where CEA can be employed to facilitate adult learning including emancipatory education, basic education, and development and training of the workforce. While the ways in which the CEA approach can benefit the three identified areas overlap, the author suggests that closely examining the relevant applications and overlapping concepts can benefit adults in all three domains.   The author has rightly challenged the notion that pedagogical strategies suitable for children are always ineffective or useless for adult learners. Drawing upon the benefits of CEA, the author presents it as an example of pedagogical strategies that are equally suitable for child and adult learners.The paper offers a brief yet detailed insight into the concept of CEA and throws light on the potential ways in which it can enhance adult learning. The statements and arguments of the author are grounded in the review of the latest and advanced literature. The author has supported facts and propositions with reliable literary sources. The author has elaborated on all building blocks of thinking to provide a holistic understanding of how CEA improves thinking and learning. The use of CEA improves personalized learning. If teachers develop the ability to use and integrate CEA into the instructional strategy, this would not only improve their quality of lectureship but also promote understa nding among the learners of what senses they need to concentrate upon and improve in order to learn better.

Knowledge Management System for Public Health - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theKnowledge Management System for Public Health. Answer: Introduction: The process of creating, managing and sharing the knowledge and information of an organization in order to make best use of its knowledge and create competitiveness in the market is known as the knowledge management. As commented by Aggestam, (2015), knowledge management is the way the organizations achieve its objectives by the means of using the best knowledge and resources available to them. Knowledge management is utilized in the field of business administration, information system including the computer science, public health and other related public property (Park Lee, 2014). The aim of this report is to consider the knowledge management theories and align the same with the case study. From the case study, it has been found that the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the research, development and innovation institute that supports the agriculture sector has been incorporating the knowledge management system as a part of their strategic planning process (Torres et al. , 2011). In order to claim this particular approach, this report shall highlight the important knowledge management theories that are related to the organizational functions. Literature Review Based on Themes: The Concept of Knowledge Management: As stated by Wang, Noe and Wang, (2014), knowledge management is actually the fundamental means of creating a sustainable competitive advantage in the market where the organization operates. With the betterment in the technological innovations, it has become easier for the organizations to carry out their organizational activities in a simpler way. In fact, in the view point of Khodakarami and Chan, (2014), in the recent time, companies have been found to more depend on the technological perspective only rather than other forms of resources. Thus, knowledge management is actually the means of showing the internal culture of the organization and the way the organizations operates and functions. In the view point of Dumais et al., (2016), knowledge management comes from three main forms. These are explicit, implicit and the tacit. The organizational products that are in tangible forms are the explicit resources, whereas those products that are actually services are the implicit form of product. Importance of Trust and Confidentiality in Knowledge Management: Knowledge management also talks about the trust and governance that is a vital part of the major organizations. As argued by Laudon and Laudon, (2013), organizations are often found to open up their opportunity for governance in order to exchange their thoughts and governance with other organizations. Thus, there is a concept of sharing the information and other vital components that are needed for the purpose of carrying out organizational activities. Inter-firm collaboration actually results in a collaborative form of relationship that opens up better opportunities that needs to be shared among the two or more organizations in collaboration. In this respect, it has to be understood that at mere times, conflicts also take place between these organizations. However, there remains a contractual agreement among them that eventually helps to build a better relation with the other organizations. In this respect, Baskerville and Wood-Harper, (2016) commented that trust and knowledge are the two most essential components of the knowledge management. In fact Baskerville and Wood-Harper, (2016) pointed out that the level of trust that each organization has also contributes to the competitive advantage of the organization. It is when the knowledge shared by the two organizations are effective enough, there remain the possibility that both the organizations would actually transfer their knowledge and present an efficient outcome that would automatically surpass the extreme competition in the market (Torres et al., 2011). In more general way, the sharing of the knowledge depends on the knowledge Torres et al., 2011management sharing team. For the same purpose, a number of management tools, designs and the general business processes are used in order to understand the present market situation and to work accordingly. Review of Knowledge Management System: Knowledge management system has been referred to any kind of IT system that stores and retrieves the knowledge and data and helps to improve collaboration between the various organizations. The aim is to locate knowledge sources and find out the hidden knowledge and the repositories that actually captures the knowledge of the organization and enhances knowledge management process. In this respect, Holtshouse, (2013) commented that the concept is rather vague as the process constitute of certain elements that hinders the confidentiality of the firm and thus, drawing a line of consensus is rather difficult or challenging. Embrapa has been suffering from the intense competition in the market and has also been facing major issues internally. In such cases, the organizations have to suffer. However, it has to be understood that in the recent time, all the major organizations are much depended on the technological perspective only because in this way the work of the organizations becomes e asier and there remains better opportunities to combat against the increasing competition in the market (Haimes, 2015). From the case study, it has been evident that not only technology based organizations but for the purpose of research activities as well considering the economic, social and the ecological values of the market where this institute works. Embrapa has been using the knowledge management procedure to carry out their business activities. Fig: Embrapas knowledge management model (Source: Torres et al., 2011) The knowledge management system also has the problems and failure factors. As commented by Hislop, (2013), we have found that very often organizations are not given proper notification on the introduction of a new system. People working for the organization often have to face such problems because they remain completely unaware of the entire thing. This creates a kind of mis management in the particular organization because implementing the same knowledge and using it, is not the actual solution to the problem but the people should be informed at a priority basis (Hislop, 2013). Knowledge management system requires the mapping the social networks as well in an informal channel as well. As evident from the case study that there has been a change in the contemporary organizational culture and structure as a result of the advent of the knowledge management system, it is more likely that the organization would take better imitative towards involving knowledge management system in the org anizational activity (Torres et al., 2011). The idea is to connect the people together and create a social community among the members (Galliers Leidner, 2014). This form of the organizational activity is known as the social network analysis. This is done in groups and identifies the pattern of groups and subgroups involve in the project. This community is known as the mapping community. Stages of Organizational Maturity The knowledge management system is also largely related to the organizational maturity level as well. According to the APQCs KM maturity, the complete process of the organizational maturity takes place in five levels. These are: Level 1: Growing awareness: In the situation of the agriculture research, it has been found that there is a need of involving knowledge management in the organization because of the extreme pressure from the market (Khodakarami Chan, 2014). A profound change in the organizational activities mainly the manufacturing process has lead to the situation where considering the inclusion of the knowledge management system was the only hope. Level 2: Localized and repeatable practices: The idea of introducing knowledge management system in the organization it is to involve innovative process and increase the production of the organization. It has been found them in the region there has been revolutionized agricultural practices does the need of introducing knowledge management system was felt (Torres et al., 2011). Level 3: Common process and approaches: This innovative approach was common and in fact it was already utilized in many firms in the developed countries (Becerra-Fernandez Sabherwal, 2014). The master plan behind this innovative approach is to increase the communication between the stuffs of the organization and create a better infrastructure that would automatically help in managing the overall organizational activities. Fig: APQCs KM maturity (Source: Becerra-Fernandez Sabherwal, 2014) Level 4: Measured and adaptive: As commented by Haimes, (2015) the idea of introducing innovative knowledge management system in an organization would be adaptive among the staffs working for the farm and the results should also be measurable. The idea adapted by this firm was very beneficial because it would definitely increase the productivity of the organization because with the introduction of this innovative idea it was found that the staff could easily communicate with each other and any kind of problem related to the business activity could be resolved in limited time (Torres et al., 2011). Level 5: Continuously increasing: Ultimate point to be considered for this innovative idea is that there should be a continuous increase in the productivity of the business activities. In fact it has been clearly evident that the organization could easily come across with other organizations or other important people (Torres et al., 2011). This way the overall organizational activities were achieved and the introduction of knowledge management system was successful. Critical Discussion: With the knowledge gained from the discussion of the major theories and models of knowledge management system, it can be said that the advent of the information technology has increased to a large extent and major organizations are using this in order to achieve their organizational objectives. Holtshouse, (2013) commented that, there is no doubt that the organizations are benefitting largely by involving technological and information perspective in their business activities. However, many organizations are also found to suffer from the same because of inadequate or lack of the communication process among the internal staffs of the organization. Thus, the technological advancement adopted at Embrapa is indeed the best suitable solution. However, as point out by Galliers and Leidner, (2014), since the organizational practice is moving more towards global structure in order to aim at connecting the world, the inclusion of the technology in the business operations is indeed important. A s argued by Laudon and Laudon, (2013) that the community approaches are changing. The idea is to translate the idea into action. The knowledge cannot be kept as customary but it should be depended on the basis of the community practice. Thus, the knowledge action duo should be placed side by side in order to achieve better results in the business perspective. In fact, the corporate culture is created in a way that supports the new method with which the organization works. The organizations are taking the approach of joint ventures or community practice to support their respective business objectives. Thus, there are major benefits of practicing community based business activities. The idea of artificial intelligence is not new and although many organizations find the role of the artificial technology to be really confusing, it is still have becoming a major part of the life for the major corporate people. Any kind of business operation based on the artificial intelligence is creating a major concern related to the reasoning and knowledge based activities. It has been clearly stated in the case study that one needs to protect the technological and innovative properties of an organization. Machine learning has become an easier way of dealing with complicated situation of the organizational activities. In the view point of Hislop, (2013), the architecture of the organizational structure and culture has been changed due to the advent of the system thinking. Conclusion: A detailed analysis on the importance of knowledge management and knowledge management system in an organization has been carried on in this report. Several theories of knowledge management have been discussed. At the same time a critical analysis of the case study has also been done. It has been found that many organizations are incorporating knowledge management system in their regular organizational structure and changing the organizational culture likewise. The system could easily be regarded as one of the reasons behind the success of the organization. There is no doubt that advancement in technology is creating a new sphere for the organizations and the people who are working to compete with the increasing competition in the market. It can be rightly said that knowledge management system and incorporation of information technology is the only possible way of achieving better position in the market. References: Aggestam, L. (2015). Learning organization or knowledge managementWhich came first, the chicken or the egg?.Information technology and control,35(3). Baskerville, R. L., Wood-Harper, A. T. (2016). A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Becerra-Fernandez, I., Sabherwal, R. (2014).Knowledge management: Systems and processes. Routledge. Dumais, S., Cutrell, E., Cadiz, J. J., Jancke, G., Sarin, R., Robbins, D. C. (2016, January). Stuff I've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use. InACM SIGIR Forum(Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 28-35). ACM. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Haimes, Y. Y. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hislop, D. (2013).Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Holtshouse, D. K. (2013).Information technology for knowledge management. U. M. Borghoff, R. Pareschi (Eds.). Springer Science Business Media. Khodakarami, F., Chan, Y. E. (2014). Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), 27-42. Khodakarami, F., Chan, Y. E. (2014). Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), 27-42. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2013). Management Information Systems 13e. Park, J. G., Lee, J. (2014). Knowledge sharing in information systems development projects: Explicating the role of dependence and trust.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), 153-165. Torres, T. Z., Pierozzi, I., Pereira, N. R., De Castro, A. (2011). Knowledge management and communication in Brazilian agricultural research: An integrated procedural approach.International Journal of Information Management,31(2), 121-127. Wang, S., Noe, R. A., Wang, Z. M. (2014). Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), 978-1009.

Life Goes On free essay sample

After 120 minutes of playing our hearts out against the best team that the state had to offer, the score was tied and the only thing left to decide the winner was the heartbreaking lottery of penalties. Both teams had scored four penalties each, but they had missed the last one. Now, it was my turn to own up to the challenge and to decide the fate of my team. Keeping away from the piercing gaze of the goalie, I took a deep breath, ran up, and struck the ball. As a former professional soccer player, my grandfather had a lot of expectations for me. Ever since I could walk, he would take me to teach me how to play the beautiful game. When we were in Albania, the street would be my stadium, with him guiding my every step. At the age of six, my family moved to America. Now that I was older, he took the training to a whole new level. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Goes On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because he had work during the day, he would wake me up at eight every morning to practice. At the time, I hated it. I wanted to be like all the other kids, relaxing without a care in the world. Instead, I would be doing drills under my grandfather’s command, no matter what the weather. Ten years later, I had joined my third club team in two years. Unlike other teams though, these kids had not played together for seven years. Their parents could not pay thousands of dollars for their development. They were all strangers taken from different corners of the city with one thing in common, a love for the game. In our first full season together, we failed miserably. We came out playing as individuals, ignoring what was best for the team and trying to change the game single-handedly. We took eighth place in a ten-team league. That next summer, my dad became the assistant coach of the team. With the help of my grandfather, he began to mold us into what we had the potential to become. My grandfather truly valued hard work, so we practiced five days a week, working ourselves to the ground in the blistering heat while the competition was resting. There was only one acceptable goal for the next season, to become champions. Halfway into our undefeated season, I received news that my grandfather was diagnosed with cancer. I couldn’t believe it. I found myself not being able to focus on anything. Soccer, schoolwork, and everything in between was left on the side while I tried to comprehend what had happened. It was something that you see happening only in movies and books; you don’t expect it to hit you so suddenly. A month later, after I came to terms with everything, my team had found itself making a deep run in the state cup, eventually reaching the final. After two hours of playing, it was my turn to determine the outcome of our season. As I was getting ready to take the penalty shot, I looked over to the sideline, expecting to see my dad mouthing some words of wisdom to me. What I saw left me flabbergasted. My grandfather was sitting right next to my dad, with the most genuine smile plastered across his face. Apparently, I had been so focused on the game that I hadn’t looked around to notice him. A small fire started to burn inside of me. I knew that this is what my grandfather had been waiting for, ever since I was a kid, playing in the streets of Albania. I knew what I had to do for him. I ran up to the ball and struck it as hard as I could. The swoosh of a net echoed through the field. Everything else seemed to cloud out for a moment. I had done it for my grandfather. Life Goes On free essay sample â€Å"In three words I can sum up everything Ive learned about life: it goes on.† Robert Frost After not making the varsity volleyball team, moving to a different state, and dealing with cancer in the family, I have come to realize that life goes on no matter what situations are thrown my way. There is no use in wasting time crying about the past when you should really only be focusing on the future. It was my turn. I walked through the double doors, down what seemed to be a never ending hallway and entered the volleyball coach’s office. My armpits were sweating and my stomach was turning. â€Å"You are a great player, but we need you more on JV. I’m sorry.† My heart sank. I walked out of her office and tried my best to avoid all possible contact with the world. I sat in my bed that night wondering what the other girls had that I didn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Goes On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After an hour of moping, I began to laugh. I got up, played the theme song to â€Å"The Fresh Prince of Bellaire† and danced around my room with abandon. Life goes on. How did I get here? Will people like me? What should I wear on my first day of school? These were all thoughts running through my mind as I unpacked my last box of knick-knacks that two days ago resided in North Carolina. I was now in the flat, landlocked state of Ohio. My questions were soon answered. I was here in order to be closer to my relatives, people did like me, and I found an awesome new outfit from Limited Two to wear on the first day of school. Life goes on. The worst thing you can hear as a child is that your mom has cancer. I was twelve when I heard it myself. My parents somehow presented this horrible news in an optimistic way. After her first chemo treatment, it was hard to ignore reality, but my mom would not let it bring us down. Instead, my mother suggested that she and I go shopping for the coolest and cutest hats in town. Life goes on. â€Å"In three words [and three paragraphs] I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.† – Robert Frost

Freedom Essays - Freedom Of Expression, Freedom Of Religion

Freedom Essays - Freedom Of Expression, Freedom Of Religion Freedom Have you ever wondered what life at school would be like without freedom? In myopinion I think it would be horrid. Think about it. If we had no freedom we wouldnt be able to do the things we love most, or choose what friends we hang out with. The freedoms we have now we all take for granted. For example, do you even know what your freedoms are? If you dont, then you ought to hear me out so you know in the future what they mean. First of all there are two very specific freedoms that all students and teachers should know and understand. These two freedoms are the very basis for our society. 1)FREEDOM OF SPEECH Freedom of speech is one of the most important freedoms we have because if we didnt have this one we wouldnt be able to speak our minds through speeches in public. This freedom allows us to speak in more ways than one. It allows us to express ourselves through reading, writing, and speaking. Although freedom of speech has its greatness in many ways, it also has a downfall, in which it is abused. For example: Media today can twist this freedom to invade your privacy, which is not a good thing if youre Arnold Shwartzenegger getting out of the shower, and someone takes a picture of you naked and prints it in the local paper. But most of the time this sinerio doesnt occur because theyve come up with laws like the Privacy Act, and so on so this sort of mayhem doesnt happen, but even though laws are made people still break them. 2)FREEDOM OF RELIGION This freedom goes along with freedom of speech yet stands alone in its own category. There are many ways to look at this freedom. It has as many goods as it does bads. You just have to learn how to apply it to you. First Ill list the goods. The gains of this freedom allow you not only to speak your own opinions, but allows you to take it a step further. Example: Lets say you are a Christian, but go to a school where Christianity is looked down upon. Now lets say you have some friends that also attend this school and want to have a lunchtime bible study, but are afraid that the school may suspend you or even worse. Well, it says in the constitution, the rules and regulations our country is based upon, that students may have a bible study in and on school premises as long as it is student led. Teachers may even attend, but cannot participate in the function. This is where a lot can go wrong and things get turned upside down. This is also where some of the bads come into play. This free dom is more a rightstricken than abused law. In other words its more denied than abused. An example of this was written by Rebecca Jones from the American Schoolboard Journal. She wrote, Lillian Gobits Vs Minersville District, in 1940 led some West Virginians to punish Jehovahs Witnesses who refuse to have their children recite the Pledge of Allegiance in school. The Witnesses, she wrote, Were actually herded together and fed castor oil, stripped of their clothes, and forced to walk through town. (Jones 2) Well, about three years later the supreme court reversed itself and ruled that schools could not require the pledge. Its this kind of abuse that turns people away from religion in my opinion. Nothing is more challenging than confronting a well-established myth. A myth, repeated often enough that it takes a hold on peoples imaginations and is all but impossible to get rid of. One such myth is that when it comes to religion in public schools, people For and Against school prayer are engaged in the legal equivalent of Hand-to-hand combat, one side fighting to put God in schools, and the other desperately trying to keep him out. Unfortunately, parents, schools officials, and politicians alike sometimes act as if the myth were fact. Some people ag-on this myth with well-intentioned, but simply wrong statements about what the constitution does and does not permit. House speaker Newt Gingrich, for example, announced a while back that

Be Different. 9 Easy Tips to Standout from Others

Be Different. 9 Easy Tips to Standout from Others Be Different. 9 Easy Tips to Standout from Others A great number of articles and psychological investigations are dedicated to the issue of personality traits. However, life’s circumstances as well as typical problems somehow make people all look very much the same. Individuals tend to lose confidence, get easily bewildered and misled. At times, it may even seem that many lose their identity. However, the ability to stand out and achieve personal and professional success greatly depends on the power of one’s spirit coupled with certain personality traits. So, how do you demonstrate your originality without showing off and looking stupid or arrogant? First, self-awareness is important. Know what you want and how you are going to get it. You should be able to set goals and plan how to achieve those goals. Here are some tips on how to be different from others while highlighting your gifts and natural abilities that lead to success. Tip 1. Maintain confidence that you can be successful. First, think in positive terms about your ability to succeed. Avoiding self-doubt and thinking positively increases your chances of becoming successful. Every time you think about good things, like success and prosperity, you will attract them into your life as if you were a magnet. Try this. It works! Tip 2. Stay positive and optimistic. Staying positive and optimistic in ordinary everyday situations is very important as the power of positive thinking can help remove obstacles, making hardships much easier to deal with! Having a positive attitude helps with your level of energy. In addition, you are less likely to accept the situation as it is and more likely to problem-solve if you think something can be done about it. Tip 3. Be well-organized. Your emotional disposition is truly essential. So, pay special attention to the way you arrange your time, address everyday concerns, and plan meetings. Make sure you use your time effectively so that every moment of your life is used in the best possible way. Keep in mind there are no unimportant periods of time or insignificant breaks in terms of ones determination to experience true success! Tip 4. Complete each step in the best possible way. Famous actors often say that There are no minor roles, only minor actors. To apply this idea to everyday life could be interpreted as the need to do any job you have in the best possible way, no matter how unimportant this job may seem, whether delivering the mail, babysitting, or walking someones dog. All actions are important, and a job well-done will continue to pay you in the future through your reputation and recommendations from others. A capable and diligent attitude toward even the smallest and insignificant tasks will develop a professional approach to everything that may come your way in the future. Tip 5. Master communication skills. The ability to communicate effectively with other people can lead to fruitful collaborations. Its impossible to achieve your goals without help from others. Moreover, people eagerly socialize and work with those who have good communicative skills, a willingness to compromise, and respect for other’s opinions (Vail, 2013). Tip 6. Practice the idea of continuing education and strong emotional stamina. Getting involved in the process of self-improvement will keep you on the cutting edge. It will provide you with a fundamental advantage over your competitors with relevant knowledge, experience, and skills. Increasing your emotional stamina is vital. You must be able to reject the emotional pressure from those whose main intention is to discourage you. Often, these individuals are insecure in their own abilities and so they seek to pull you down in an attempt to appear superior to you. Tip 7. Pay attention to your manners and project a positive self-image. The statement that People are likely to treat you the way you treat them works equally well both in business and in personal relationships. Try to be polite on every occasion. Respond in a timely fashion and professional manner to e-mail messages and phone calls. Make your friends, relatives and colleagues feel that you respect them and their points of view. Stress their importance in your life (Vail, 2013). Tip 8. Dont get discouraged by mishaps. No one is perfect. Mishaps occur for everyone, with no exceptions! Learn to take your failures as a significant part of practical experience. Wise people say that Experience is the best teacher. Regardless of whether the experience is positive or negative, you can benefit from the experience. Make good use of it! Tip 9. Stay focused on your goals. Always keep your goals in mind. Choose no more than 3 long-term goals at a time. This number is enough for major projects. Avoid suddenly changing your goals. The ability to concentrate on your aim is likely to sharpen your spirit and build a persistent, strongly-motivated and, thus, successful personality. All these tips are good for helping you to stand out from others and moving toward your aims, making your dreams come true. Be yourself by cultivating the best traits you have. In addition, remain calm and goal-oriented, friendly, and easy-going. Also, demonstrate enthusiasm and let the success and prosperity you deserve enter your life!

Vatican Council II and Catechism of the Catholic Church Essay

Vatican Council II and Catechism of the Catholic Church - Essay Example The modern man through appreciation of mystery has encountered challenges due to the lack of faith among the generation. To add on the perception of mystery, Casel states that many things interfere with one’s ability based on the liturgical experience (Casel, 6-9). During this time, you are supposed to take into account good disposition when it comes to the issue of liturgy. Based on the practice of religion, nowadays humanity also termed as Modern man goes against the norm of Christianity. Casel analyses the character of the church and suggest that every Christian should take into account the Sacrosanctum Concilium. The use of sacraments makes them to identify themselves as real Christians and hence the mission and Gospel of Lord Jesus Christ is spread all over the world. The practice of religion has been under siege due to negligence that comes from modern man behaviours as far as church liturgy is of concern. Casel says that the mystery is three things and one meaning that one needs to understand that God is of trinity ( God the father, son and Holy Spirit) and Christianity life is depended on all of them (Flannery, 13-16). 2. In 3-4 paragraphs, explain Casels understanding of the role of worship (liturgy/sacraments) in the mystery of Christ, including the content of the mystery of Christian worship, its sacrificial nature, and the necessity of the rites themselves. It has been noted that Eucharist that is associated by liturgy celebration is an essential moment in the life of a Christian. On this account, the role of worshiping is to unite everyone and having time intimacy with God. As far as the mystery of Christianity is of concern, Casel tells that Christians through worship also known as liturgy that is administered through sacraments, meets God through Body and soul, flesh and spirit in the sacramental life (Hahnenberg, 9-13). Worship, however, makes one encounter the love that God has over us, but this is accompanied by

Since the early 20th century, ideologies such as Arab nationalism Essay

Since the early 20th century, ideologies such as Arab nationalism Ba'thism and pan-Islamism have enjoyed varying degrees of su - Essay Example Confronted with the obvious failure of Arab ideologies, specifically Arab nationalism, Ba’thist Arab Socialism, and pan-Islamism, to achieve wider Arab unity, several intellectuals resorted yet again to religion. An unnamed writer in Jordan described the experience of the Arab world in the ideological domain throughout the 20th century, and concluded that the Arab world â€Å"never enjoyed a comprehensive ideology except under the State of the Prophet Muhammad and his great Caliphs, Abu-Bakr and Umar† (Rejwan, 1974, p.32). This essay discusses why ideologies such as Arab nationalism, Ba’thism, and pan-Islamism have failed to achieve a wider Arab unity. Arab Nationalism and Arab Unity It was only at the end of the First World War that the relevant concept of the ‘Arab nation’ surfaced and Arab nationalism slowly became a political movement. Intellectuals instead of political figures were at the vanguard of the movement. They adopted the ideology of na tionalism from Europe and they utilised it to break new ground for the Arab nation (Young, Zuelow, & Sturm, 2007). However, Arab nationalism was an utter failure. There were challenging, overwhelming hindrances along its route. Primarily, there were rivalling allegiances to religion, faction, and tribe, as well as opposing identities. Moreover, there was persistent conflict between Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and other regional states and the bigger, inclusive Arab identity. The other, and possibly most unexpected, barrier to the idea of a united Arab world was linguistic differences in the region (Choueiri, 2005). However, the most influential rival of the notion of a secular Arab world was the idea of a unified Islamic community. Islam was one of the grand cosmopolitan ideologies with a right to the loyalty of most Arabs. Islam is more encompassing than pan-Arabism for it did not set apart Arab from non-Arab. The Islamic community was a union wherein ethnic background is irrelevant. Given these profound and persistent rifts and differences, it was an almost unachievable mission to attain the two core goals of Arab nationalism—sovereignty and unity. Another goal was created at the end of the Second World War—to protect Arab ownership of Palestine. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War was the critical stage in the fight for Palestine (Joffe, 1983). It was expected that Arab unity would be built on the combat zone against a single adversary. It was the most important ordeal for the newly autonomous Arab states, but they did not pass the test. The failure of these states to synchronise their military and political campaigns was one of the main reasons for the defeat of Palestine (Podeh, 1999). The hopeful possibilities that emerged once the Arabs conducted war against the Zionist enemies raised disenchantment and anguish over the miserable destruction of Arab Palestine. A very unique aspect of modern-day Arab nation is the startling discrepancy between vision and rea lity. Pan-Arabism is the declared ideology among the powerful elite and the dominant belief among the Arab people, but the Arab nation still struggles with the decline of civil life and deep-rooted disunity. Attempts at political and social unity have been prevented by oppressive situations,

Health History and Examination Essay Example for Free

Health History and Examination Essay Neurological System (headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, etc., medications): Patient is alert, awake and oriented. Denies headaches, head injuries, dizziness, seizures, tremors, migraine, difficulty in speech and swallowing. No history of falls. Patient does mention that he has numbness and tingling of fingers and toes occasionally. Takes Gabapentin 100mg orally three times a day. Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/swelling, surgeries on head/neck, medications): Patient denies neck or head injuries, denies swelling or lumps on neck and head, Denies neck pain or headaches. Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, redness/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, injury/surgery to eye, glaucoma testing, vision test, glasses or contacts, medications): Patient wears eyeglasses that are with him. Bilateral cataract surgery done in June 2013. Regular vision checks after surgery done in November 2013 and at present he is not on any medications at home. Ears (earache or other ear pain, history of ear infections, discharge from ears, history of surgery, difficulty hearing, environmental noise exposure, vertigo, medications): No complaints of ear pain, infection, surgery tinnitus due to noise, or vertigo noted. Not on any medications. Hard of hearing right ear but does not use a hearing aid. Nose, Mouth, and Throat (discharge, sores or lesions, pain, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, sore throat, allergies, surgeries, usual dental care, medications): Denies discharge from nose and throat, denies presence of sores or lesions in the mouth. Denies nose bleeds, bleeding gums, or sore  throat. No known allergies noted. Has upper and lower dentures that patient cleans with Polident tablets daily. History of Tonsillectomy at age 7. Skin, Hair and Nails (skin disease, changes in color, changes in a mole, excessive dryness or moisture, itching, bruising, rash or lesions, recent hair loss, changing nails, environmental hazards/exposures, medications): Patient’s skin color is ethnic. Has some gray hair but no alopecia. Has well groomed nails. Denies skin problems. Particular about usage of moisturizing lotions after bath. Breasts and Axilla (pain or tenderness, lumps, nipple discharge, rash, swelling, trauma or injury to b reast, mammography, breast self-exam, medications): Patient denies any problems with breasts and axilla. Does not perform self-breast examination. Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (leg pain, cramps, skin changes in arms or legs, swelling in legs or ankles, swollen glands, medications): Denies leg pain, cramps or discoloration of arms and legs. Complains of occasional swelling on ankles. Takes Lasix 40 mg orally once a day. Cardiovascular System (chest pain or tightness, SOB, cough, swelling of feet or hands, family history of cardiac disease, tire easily, self-history of heart disease, medications): Denies any chest pain or tightness. Denies shortness of breath or weakness. Complains of occasional cough relieved by Robitussin DM 10ml orally every 6 hours as needed. Patient is hypertensive and had an MI in 2005 but denies any history of Congestive Heart Failure. Family history shows that his father died of heart attack at age 75. Patient had an echocardiogram and stress test done last year as outpatient and per patient results were normal. Patient is taking Aspirin 81mg orally daily, Lopressor 25mg orally daily, and Plav ix 75mg orally daily. Thorax and Lungs (cough, SOB, pain on inspiration or expiration, chest pain with breathing, history of lung disease, smoking history, living/working conditions that affect breathing, last TB skin test, flu shot, pneumococcal vaccine, chest x-ray, medications): Has occasional cough that could be due to change of climate. Denies shortness of breath or pain with breathing. Denies smoking and no history of lung disease is noted. Immunized for Influenza and Pneumonia on 10/14/2013. Patient was in ER in March for cough and fever and x-ray of the chest showed no abnormalities at that time. Musculoskeletal System (joint pain; stiffness; swelling, heat, redness in joints; limitation of movement; muscle pain or cramping; deformity of bone or joint; accidents or trauma to bones; back pain;  difficulty with activity of daily living, medications) Denies any symptoms of joint problems and does not take any medications at home. Patient is independent and requires no assistance for activities of daily living. His wife and he take walks on a daily basis for 20 minutes. Gastrointestinal System (change in appetite – increase or loss; difficulty swallowing; foods not tolerated; abdominal pain; nausea or vomiting; frequency of BM; history of GI disease, ulcers, medications) Denies any gastro-intestinal disease, ulcers, or diabetes. Consumes low sodium diet with no added salt three times a day and a bedtime snack. Includes plenty of vegetables and fruits in his diet. No swallowing problems noted. No complaints of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea noted. Patient has daily bowel movement and reports that it is brown in color. Denies use of stool softener or laxative. An Endoscopy and Colonoscopy was done in January 2014 and no abnormalities noted at that time. Genitourinary System (recent change, frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, hesitancy or straining, urine color, narrowed stream, incontinence, history of urinary disease, pain in flank, groin, supra pubic region or low back) Denies pain or any urinary problems. Patient verbalizes increased frequency of urination due to Lasix. Patient wakes up twice at night to urinate but he is continent of bladder. Per patient no prostate problem noted. Last prostate exam was done in February 2014. Physical Examination (Comprehensive examination of each system. Record findings.) Neurological System (exam of all 12 cranial nerves, motor and sensory assessments): Patient is awake, alert, and oriented with no memory loss. Patient is calm, cooperative and pleasant. Judgment is intact. Patients speaks clearly and in full sentences. No difficulty noted while speaking. No swallowing problems noted. Patient has a steady gait with full strength. Sensations present in all extremities. Complaints of occasional numbness and tingling of fingers and toes but denies upon examination. Head and Neck (palpate the skull, inspect the neck, inspect the face, palpate the lymph nodes, palpate the trachea, palpate and auscultate the thyroid gland): Skull and neck are normal on examination. No deformities or hematoma noted. No lymph nodes identified on palpation. Adam’s apple present. Trachea is normal on palpation. Eyes (test visual acuity, visual fields, extra ocular muscle  function, inspect external eye struct ures, inspect anterior eyeball structures, inspect ocular fundus): Patient has eyeglasses with him. Patient is able to open and close his eyelids. Pupil is round and reaction to light is constriction to both eyes. Denies any blurring, watering, or tearing of the eyes. No redness or infection noted. Ears (inspect external structure, otocopic examination, inspect tympanic membrane, test hearing acuity): Hard of hearing right ear with no hearing aid. As per patient the physician had recommended hearing aid for the right ear but patient did not wish to use it. Otoscopic examination revealed normal ear canals and eardrums with minimal amount of earwax. Nose, Mouth, and Throat (Inspect and palpate the nose, palpate the sinus area, inspect the mouth, inspect the throat): Nose, mouth and throat are normal on examination. On palpation no pain noted to sinuses. The upper and lower dentures fit well on the patient and do not become loose while talking or chewing. Skin, Hair and Nails (inspect and palpate skin, temperature, moisture, lesions, inspect and palpate hair, distribution, texture, inspect and palpate nails, contour, color, teach self-examination techniques): No skin break down or rashes or lesions noted on inspection of the skin. Color is normal to ethnicity. Skin is warm, dry an d intact. Mucus membranes are pink and moist. Hair is gray and no alopecia noted. Texture of hair is soft to touch, no split ends noted. Kept short and clean. No ingrown nails or cracked nails noted. Nails are well groomed and pink in color. Patient verbalizes examining the skin and nails everyday while taking a shower. Breasts and Axilla (deferred for purpose of class assignment) Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System (inspect arms, symmetry, pulses; inspect legs, venous pattern, varicosities, pulses, color, swelling, lumps): Bilateral upper extremities are warm, symmetrical with bilateral radial pulses 2+. Bilateral lower extremities are warm, symmetrical without any discoloration. No varicose veins noted. Bilateral pedal pulses 2+. A trace of edema is noted on both ankles and feet. Cardiovascular System (inspect and palpate carotid arteries, jugular venous system, precordium heave or lift, apical impulse; auscultate rate and rhythm; identify S1 and S2, any extra heart sounds, murmur): Carotid arteries are normal with pulse 2+. No jugular vein distension noted. Apical pulse is 82 beats per minute, BP of 150/80 mm of Hg. Heart sounds S1 and S2 are on auscultation. No murmur or extra heart sound noted. EKG shows a  Normal Sinus Rhythm. Thorax and Lungs (inspect thoracic cage, symmetry, tactile fremitus, trachea; palpate symmetrical expansion;, percussion of anterior, lateral and posterior, abnormal breathing sounds): Thoracic cage is normal and symmetrical. No abnormality noted on palpation and percussion. Breath sounds are clear and equal on auscultation in all lung fields. Respirations are even, regular and unlabored. Patient has occasional nonproductive cough relieved by cough medicine. Respiratory rate is 18/minute and Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Musculoskeletal System (inspect cervical spine for size, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect shoulders for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect elbows for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect wrist and hands for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect hips for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformi ty, pain, range of motion; inspect knees for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain, range of motion; inspect ankles and feet for size, color, contour, swelling, mass, deformity, pain and range of motion): Cervical spines are normal in size, no pain or deformities noted with full range of motion. Bilateral shoulders are equal in size, no swelling or mass noted. No pain noted on movement of shoulders. Bilateral elbows, wrists and hands are equal in size, with full range of motion and equal in strength. No deformities noted on inspection. Bilateral hips are equal in strength, no swelling or mass noted. No evidence of redness or injury noted. Sacrum is intact. Bilateral lower extremities with full range of motion and equal strength noted. No swelling or deformity noted. Bilateral ankles and feet noted with trace of edema. Gastrointestinal System (contour of abdomen, general symmetry, skin color and condition, pulsation and movement, umbilicus, hair distribution; auscultate bowel sound;, percuss all four quadrants; percuss border of liver; light palpation in all four quadrants– muscle wall, tenderness, enlarged organs, masses, rebound tenderness, CVA tenderness): Abdomen is flat and non-distended. Bowels sounds present in all four quadrants. Abdomen soft and non-tender on palpation. Percussion revealed tympany in all four quadrants. Umbilicus is midline and inverted. Surface of abdomen smooth and even, with homogenous color. No lesions or surgical scars noted. Genitourinary System (deferred for purpose of this  class) FHP Assessment Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern: Patient is alert and oriented, no memory loss. Well educated, and has the ability to read, write and understand information. Patient uses eyeglasses for reading and is hard of hearing right ear. Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern: Patient eats a low sodium diet with no added salt three times a day with a bedtime snack. Home cooked food with vegetables and fruits included in the diet are his preferences. The patient or his wife prepares the food. The patient and his wife do the food shopping. Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern: The patient has three children and 5 grandchildren. He is not interested in sexual activities but loves to spend time with his wife. Pattern of Elimination Patient is continent of bladder and bowel. Urinary frequency is increased due to effect of medication (Lasix). Pattern of Activity and Exercise: Patient is independent in activities of daily living. He is not involved in vigorous exercise but walks daily for 20 minutes along with his wife. Pattern of Sleep and Rest: Patient usually sleeps for 6-7 hours at night with an afternoon nap for 30 minutes. Patient wakes up twice at night to urinate but goes right back to sleep with no difficulty. Patient denies use of sleeping pills. Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-Concept: Patient is well dressed and has self-respect and respects others too. He leads a disciplined life with the ability to take care of himself and his wife. He is friendly with his neighbors and is an active participant in church activities Summarize Your Findings (Use format that provides logical progression of assessment.) Situation (reason for seeking care, patient statements): Name: Lawrence Kelly Age/Sex: 72 years/Male Presenting complaints: Increased swelling of ankles and feet, numbness and tingling of fingers and toes, and occasional cough. Background (health and family history, recent observations): History of present complaints: Patient complains of swelling of feet and ankles for 2 weeks with numbness and tingling of fingers and toes. Occasional cough for last one week. Past medical History: Hypertension, MI, Hard of hearing (Right Ear). Medication history: Lasix 40mg orally daily Aspirin 81mg orally daily Plavix 75mg orally daily Lopressor 25mg orally daily Gabapentin 100mg orally three times a day Assessment (assessment of health state or problems, nursing diagnosis): Mr. Lawrence Kelly 72 year old male presented with complaints of swelling of feet and ankles with numbness and tingling of fingers and toes for the past 2 weeks. Occasional cough for the past one week. He is alert, awake and oriented with steady gait. Hard of hearing in the right ear. His vital signs are BP150/80 mm of Hg, Pulse 82, RR 18/minute, and Temp of 98.4. No chest tightness or pain verbalized. Breath sounds are clear and equal in all lung fields. Abdomen soft, non-tender and non-distended. Bowels sounds present in all four quadrants. No difficulty in urination verbalized and color of urine is amber. Trace edema noted on feet and ankles. Pedal pulses is 2+. Nursing Diagnosis: Fluid Volume Excess manifested by edema of feet and ankles. Recommendation (diagnostic evaluation, follow-up care, patient education teaching including health promotion education): Blood tests should be done including Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Vitamin B12 Level, and BNP. X-ray Chest is recommended to find out if patient has CHF Echocardiogram could be repeated as it was done more than 6 months ago Teach the patient to monitor BP, Pulse, Intake and Output, and Daily Weights. Advise the patient to elevate the lower extremities on pillows to reduce  dependent edema Encourage the patient to read food labels on the sodium content Avoid fried foods, canned and frozen foods (Nanda Nursing Interventions, 2012) Provide information about community services such as Heart Center at Barnabas Health, Phone No. 1-888-724-7123 (Barnabas Health, 2013). References: Barnabas Health. (2013). Barnabas Health Heart Centers. Retrieved from http://www.barnabashealth.org/services/cardiac/index.htmlLifestyle and home remedies. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061/DSECTION=lifestyle-and-home-remediesNanda Nursing Interventions. (2012). Nursing Interventions for Fluid Volume Excess. Retrieved from http://nanda-nursinginterventions.blogspot.com/2012/04/nursing-interventions-for-fluid-volume.html

Theme of Fallen Angels Essay -- essays research papers

Losing Innocence: â€Å"Fallen Angels† find the true meaning of war   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fallen Angels†, written by Walter Dean Myers, is a novel that tells about the story of young boys going into battle during the Vietnam War. There are many themes in â€Å"Fallen Angels† but the main theme is the loss of innocence. The title makes reference to these themes. And the boys in the book have dreams of losing their virginity and drinking alcohol for the first time. They are thrown into a harsh reality when they are shown the trials of war. In the end, they understand that the movies that depict heroicness and honor are just images of a false idea; that war is full of chaos and horror.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title of â€Å"Fallen Angels† is the greatest indicator of the theme. All of...

Propositions on Poker Machine Addiction Essay

The American Gaming Association (AGA) is a group which represents its members who come from the commercial casino industry. Formed in 1995, the goal of the group is to create awareness and factual understanding of the casino world. The main purpose of the group is to educate the public and its stakeholders about casinos. In the process, it also benefits its members by giving support to them in terms of legislations that affect them and the industry, rules and regulations that they need to be familiar about, and several other assistance while operating their respective enterprises. The AGA also acted as a trusted source of information for media personnel and other industry partners. (About the AGA, 2003, n. p. ) As part of its advocacy, the AGA also highlights responsible gaming as an important element in enjoying casinos. It partners with schools and encourages its members and employees to create awareness on responsible gaming, and identifies the results of irresponsibility within casinos. The AGA started the orange wristband campaign under the â€Å"Keep It Fun† slogan, encouraging gamers to keep casino playing fun and never destructive. The wristband campaign continues to be part of the Responsible Gaming Education Week and Lecture Series, both hosted by the AGA. (Responsible Gaming, 2003, n. p. ) Propositions on Poker Machine Addiction The American Gaming Association submits this document to the Federal Government in response to the inquiry on propositions regarding the community effects of poker machines. Poker machines have been traditional entertainment tools. Since the creation of the first poker machine in the late 1800s, it has become widely identified with bars and liquor shops. (Poker machines history, n. d. , n. p. The availability of poker machines in public places has raised concerns that it might affect family structure. Coleman (1999, n. p. ) reports that in Australia efforts have been made to study the link between family issues and gambling. Poker machines have been pointed out to be the major culprit among all gambling devices. The same issues are present. Noting that poker machines are readily available to all and that getting addicted to it is not impossible, and with an existing statistics of gamblers whose family life has been put at stake because of their addiction to the game, an inquiry has been made on how the issue can be resolved. The first option for many would be to restrain the availability of poker machines. At the most, the machines can even be totally banned. While this is an efficient way to address the issue, there are many considerations that may affect this. Casinos around the world employ thousands of workers, and a deep cut in their revenues may mean an unforeseen increase in unemployment. Also, poker machines and other gambling entertainments remit big tax revenues. In New Orleans, for instance, video poker machines accounted over $200 million in taxes. With such a price tag at stake, it is difficult for the local governments to surrender into banning poker machines. (The Associated Press, 2008, n. p. ) Poker Machines and the World The issues besetting poker machines are not isolated. The same concerns happen all around the world. Actor Russell Crowe moved to ban poker machines in Australia though lost in the voting. (Poker machine ban effort a bust, 2008, n. p. ) The Australian senate, on the other hand, also created the Poker Harm Minimization Bill of 2008, which aims to restrict, limit, and monitor poker machine activities in the country. The dilemma crosses other continents. Poker machines are big hits across Asia too. Thus, poker machines are often blamed to many social problems. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. ) However, coinciding with this is the fact that poker machine players often have to deal with other problems, as a study of 43,000 Americans have found. It is therefore concluded that making the game unavailable to gamblers with interrelated problems will not solve their addiction. The same is true with thousand of other gamblers around the world. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. ) Gambling and the Family Considering that a big percentage of 43,000 poker-machine playing Americans who underwent the study have other behavioral problems while addicted to the game, it cannot be disclosed that the family problems are caused by playing poker machines. There is the possibility that poker is their way of escaping from the other stresses in their lives. It can also be said that poker is their way of solving their problem—a player whose family is undergoing financial turmoil may think that poker may give him the luck he has been waiting for to ease his family of financial burdens. (Man vs. Machine, 2008, n. p. ) However, it is acceptable to say that there are many players who have become addicted to the game, and at which point became disconnected with their families, begun failing to judge their finances properly, and miscalculated many personal and financial decisions for the sake of playing. The actual percentages of players who belong to these groups are difficult to tell. Yet, in crediting the existence of these two facets, it is easier to recognize the proper solutions to be carried out by the government. Individual choices Before any legislation, legislators must closely study the profile of poker machine players. In Australia, 62. % of casino players gamble in poker machines. This is a majority of all other casino games and gambling devices. Of these poker machine players, 98% play mainly in casinos and betting clubs. 85. 4% knows that playing the poker machine is a game of chance. Still, 73. 4% can play the machine for up to an hour. (Hing and Breen, 2002, 192) Here, the behavior of players can be seen. It also shows that the wide availability of poker machines elsewhere does little to affect the betting behavior of players, as majority plays mainly on betting clubs. It can be alarming, though, that gamers can sit and bet in the machine for up to an hour. Thus, this requires a close look. Gamers also have different reasons for playing. For the majority, playing the poker machine is purely to entertain themselves. It was a way to let time pass. A small percentage of the respondents (21. 4%) played for hopes to win. (Hing and Breen, 2002, 192) This dispels the second facet presented herein, where it has been theorized that some players play poker machines for money. It can be associated that because majority of the players see poker machines as a game of luck, there is no certainty of winning or gaining money with it. In a personal level, respondents who play poker machines have been found to be between 18 and 34 years old. They are singles in the sense that they have never married. Thus, they may have relationships. Majority of them do not have dependents. (Hing and Breen, 2002, 192) This questions the validity of the argument that poker machines break families. With a majority of players without families or living under circumstances of broken families already, it is notable to discuss that poker machines may not be causing the family problems to begin with. The other issues besetting the players should likely be causing the complications, and thus should be addressed as well. Proposed Implementations The Australian study is a comprehensive view of the profiles of poker machine gamers. However, it is difficult to pattern implementations in other counties with this single study. A rigorous study for each country or state is needed, for which solutions should be patterned. On the other hand, given that these findings are also true elsewhere, the AGA proposes the following strategies for implementation. With these, it is expected that the Federal Government will be able to find ways to decrease or eliminate the claimed probable causes of poker machines as destructive agents to families. Bet and Time limit Hills (n. d. , n. p. ) assert that a player can bet up to $2 per spin and play up to 200 spins per hour. Finding that majority of poker gamers can sit and bet for up to an hour, it is recommended that time restriction be implemented. A player can bet on a machine for up to the approved maximum time only. This ensures that the player will not be too absorbed in the game and will remain conscious about his betting behavior and betting practices. Coinciding with this, there should also be a limit on the bets that one can play in a specific set. If the maximum bet for the day has been reached, the player should stop even if the game is less than the maximum allowed. Support for Gaming Advocacies Currently, the American Gaming Association has education drives to combat gaming addiction. While the program has been successful in places where it has been introduced, the group needs the additional mileage that the Federal Government can provide. The support will also mean more people knowing about the campaign and educated about the ill effects of addictive gambling. It covers both prevention of gaming addiction and cure. Conclusion Many studies have associated gambling with breakage in family ties. With majority of gamblers playing poker machines, the device has become a point of contention. The local government, however, cannot decide on the proper move considering that a bog percentage of community revenues come from the machines. The Federal Government’s inquiry helped assess the situation. It paved the way to reconciling the benefits of poker machines in terms of the financial help that it is offering and the pre-meditated bad effects that it is highly addictive and that it affects families. A thorough study of gamers is necessary. From their profiles, proper actions can be made. Limits on betting and play can help, as well as support in the education drives such as that of the American Gaming Association. This way, the machines can continue helping the community while avoiding any destructive effect it may have with families.

Critical response to ‘Z for Zachariah’ Essay

The book I read is ‘Z for Zachariah’ by Robert C. O’Brien. I enjoyed this book because it contained few but excellent characters and is full of mystery and suspense. ‘Z for Zachariah’ is about a sixteen-year-old girl, called Ann Burden who thinks she is the only person to survive a nuclear war. However, as her diary entries progress, you learn of a person in a green suit who is pulling what looks like a trailer covered with the same green material as the suit approaching Ann Burden’s valley. Later in the diary you find out that the person is a man who had been an industrial chemist before the war, working for the Government designing a suit to protect people in the event of a nuclear explosion. His name is Mr Loomis and he is wearing the only one of these suits. When Mr Loomis finally arrives in the valley, he is amazed by the fact that there is water, which appears to be safe but Mr Loomis makes one severe mistake. When he checks the water for the level of radiation with his Geiger counter he in fact checks the clean water in the stream but then goes on to venture further down the valley, where he finds Ann Burden’s home where the polluted Burden Creek is nearby. Once Mr Loomis has seen inside Ann’s house (where Ann has cleverly hidden any clues that could show the visitor that there has been people living there recently) he then proceeds towards Burden Creek in the hope of getting his first bath in probably months. However, not realising that the stream and Creek are not connected and in fact the Creek runs into the valley from over the hill where the pollution is, he jumps right in. Within a very short period of time after Mr Loomis has had his bath he became very ill, as he had been exposed to a lot of radiation. When Mr Loomis becomes sick Ann then realises she will have to help him and that is when she first shows herself. Ann’s diary entries take you through the events that happen when she is and is not in the company of Mr Loomis. My favourite part of the book is the first three diary entries. In these diary entries Mr Loomis has not yet arrived in the valley however Ann has seen smoke from over the hill for three days, which she presumes is from a human made fire because it is in a thin column that it rises. The smoke comes at the same time everyday, in late afternoon. Each afternoon the smoke is nearer to Ann’s home. I like this part of the book the most because in it you find out what it has been like for Ann being alone for so long because her family left her to look for other people and had never returned. It is interesting to read Ann’s thoughts of being excited and scared that she may in fact not be the only person left in the world. It is obvious why Ann would be excited about someone else coming into the valley but maybe not so clear why she would be scared. Ann is scared because after the nuclear explosion some radio stations had still broadcasted, but towards the end of them broadcasting the presenters seemed to be going crazy. Here is a quote from the second diary entry which will explain why Ann is scared â€Å"Suppose a car came over the hill, and I ran out, and whoever was in it got out – suppose he was crazy? Or suppose it was someone mean, or cruel, and brutal? A murderer? What could I do?† After this quote, you realise that Ann is a very sensible and careful person because she decides to move her things to a cave nearby her home and make it look as though no one has lived in her house. That way she can watch whoever is coming into her valley and if they are crazy or mean she can stay in the cave unbeknown to the visitor and wait until they leave. At the end of the third diary entry Ann has still not seen anyone but knows that they are camping at the crossroads and exploring North, South, East, West and when they come into the South they will find Ann’s valley. The most remarkable character in the book I think is Ann Burden. She is careful, mature, kind, helpful, sensible, confused, and strategic/logical. In the following paragraph I will explain why Ann Burden is all of the things I have just said: The reason I think Ann is careful is because when Mr Loomis is first entering the valley she goes to the cave to live there as she does not know if Mr Loomis is ‘safe.’ During the book ‘Z for Zachariah’ you realise that in fact even though Ann is only sixteen she is more mature than Mr Loomis who is quite a bit older than Ann. The proof that shows this, is all of the words I am using to describe her and she also thinks about having children to begin the human-race again. The words kind, helpful and sensible describe Ann well because when Mr Loomis is ill with radiation poisoning she helps him and is kind to him even though he’s a stranger. Also Ann still helps Mr Loomis after he tried to rape her – she gives him half of everything i.e. eggs, milk and chicken and lets him have the comforts of her home while she moves into the cave. It is obvious that Ann is confused, as she does not know why Mr Loomis is being so horrible to her especially when she has done everything she can to be nice to him and to help him. The last words to describe Ann are strategic and logical; I think these words describe Ann well because when she does not want Mr Loomis to find her she thinks about what he can and cannot see e.g. when she builds a fire she thinks about where and how to build it so Mr Loomis can’t see it – she also thinks about what time of the day to light it. The style of ‘Z for Zachariah’ is in diary form. Throughout the book there were not many figures of speech, however, there were a few similes, here is a quote from the book that describes Ann’s dog Faro when he has returned from the dead lands where there is radiation, in it there is a simile â€Å"as thin as a skeleton.† The structure of ‘Z for Zachariah’ is in chronological order, each event happening in an order that makes sense and makes the story more intense and interesting. During the book, there is not much direct speech as the genre of the book is in diary form so it contains more of the thoughts and feelings of Ann Burden. The themes in the book are effects of modern technology, survival, dominance, bullying, age against youth, optimism/realism, breeding, art v science and religion v atheism. In the following sentences, I will discuss the themes that occur in ‘Z for Zachariah.’ The first theme ‘effects of modern technology’ is the theme that allowed the story to occur because nothing in the book would have happened had there not been a nuclear explosion. The themes of survival, dominance and age against youth are all linked together and are in a way very similar to each other. These three themes are perhaps the strongest and most occurring ones throughout the book, I will explain why: survival of course is going to be a major issue, Ann is the one who thinks about this the most having thought of growing her own crops, so when the supplies run out in the shop she will still have food to survive, and that is just one example. Throughout the book Mr Loomis tries to be the stereotypical ‘Alpha male,’ he wants everything to be done his own way and to be done by him. For example when Ann said she would go into the town with the safe suit to collect books, even though Mr Loomis is still ill he refuses to let her go, perhaps thinking she is incapable or he could have been worried she wouldn’t come back with the safe suit, although I think the first scenario is more likely. The only time Mr Loomis seemed to let Ann do things her way is when he could not do things for himself, however, he never admitted it. ‘Age against youth’ is another strong theme as throughout the book you realise that Mr Loomis even though he is older he is not always wiser and more mature, in fact Ann is definitely the more mature of the two characters. Optimism and realism are two words that can explain Ann and Mr Loomis’ completely different personalities. Ann being the optimist who thinks that the results of an action will always be good and Mr Loomis being the realist he makes decisions based on facts and not on false hope. Throughout the book breeding is a theme, but more with Ann – she thinks towards the future and beginning the human-race again. The theme of art v science is one that occurs throughout the book. As Ann is interested in art and Mr Loomis is interested in science, a few quarrels occur between them. However, ‘quarrels’ is perhaps the wrong word because Mr Loomis always seemed to get his own way. Again, I will use the example of when Ann wanted to use the safe suit to collect some engineering and physics books for Mr Loomis; she also suggested that she get some for herself. Such as poetry. Yet Mr Loomis refused and said, â€Å"You could not go. Understand that. Keep away from the suit. Never touch it.† After Mr Loomis had given Ann his lecture, she could not understand why he had become so angry. It was alright if he wanted something but as soon as Ann wanted something to do with her interests, it was too much of a risk. Religion v atheism is a theme in the book. Ann being the religious one and Mr Loomis the atheist. I don’t think Ann is strongly religious, I just think she finds going to the church and praying a ‘comforting factor.’ Earlier I said Mr Loomis is an atheist. This means that he doesn’t believe that any god or gods exist, therefore he does not understand why Ann would want to go to the church and ‘waste her time’ praying. I enjoyed this book because there were few characters, which allowed you to get to know them better. I also liked the style of the book being in diary form because you didn’t have to read the minute by minute accounts of what is happening in the book you only get to read the exciting and more intense parts which would be written in a diary. The thing that made the book a little boring was the fact that there weren’t many different figures of speech. The length I though was too long, some parts of the book seemed to be dragged out to give it a longer length, for example when Mr Loomis is sick the book got a little boring because in the diary entries you really were only told what Ann had did that day, there wasn’t enough character interaction. One thing that I thought ruined the book was the ending, I thought it was exciting when you were told that there was hope that there could be other people still living and you wanted to keep reading and know if there was anyone else out there, but it just stopped. Taking the entire book into account my opinion is that it is quite good as I think it gives a good insight into what could happen if there is a nuclear explosion – it is realistic.

Critique of Les Miserables essays

Critique of Les Miserables essays The story begins with a convict named Jean Valjean searching for food and shelter after working in a prison camp. No one would let them into their house because he was a convict. I felt bad for him through this because people judged him right away and he didnt seem like such a bad person. He finally found shelter in Bishops house, but through the night he left and stole all of their silverware. He escapes, but is caught by some police. He explained to them that he was given all of this by the Bishop. Naturally they didnt believe him, so they brought him back to the Bishops house. Once they got there the Bishop backed up what he said and told the police to let him go. So Valjean is free to go. You get the feeling from this that he is going to be a totally different person. To hide away from his past convict life, he created a new identity and was a wealthy mayor in a small town. He hid out there for a longtime. Then he met a prostitute named Fantine who he started to fall i n love with. She got very sick and was trying to support her young daughter so he helped her out. During this time an officer, named Javert, who knew Valjean when he was in the camp recognized him. Then he was brought in the clear when another man was brought in. Everyone thought that was Valjean. Around this time Fantine dies and Valjean promises to go get her daughter and take care of her. This part was really sad knowing how hard she worked to support her daughter. Valjean heard about this innocent guy being put into jail and decided to go tell the court the truth. He went and told everyone that he was in fact Valjean. I found this part to be very noble, but somewhat unbelievable. He threw his whole new life away after working so hard to bury his past. After he told the court he ran for his life and while fleeing he picked up Fantines daughter, Cosette. In the musical version of this movie Coset ...

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You Teaching can be immensely fulfilling work. The idea of shaping young minds and guiding kids toward their own futures (not to mention having summers off) leads a lot of people into the teaching field. However, not everyone is cut out for this kind of work. The last thing you want is to discover that you aren’t up to the task while standing in front of a class your first day on the job. It’s best to decide whether or not you’re teacher material before even pursuing a degree in education. Here are 5 issues that may make you decide that teaching is not for you.1. You’re not adaptable.One plus one will always equal two. The alphabet will always start with A and end with Z. World War II will always begin in 1939. The information you teach may never change, but the way you teach it certainly will. Perhaps your particular administration will demand you rewrite that lesson plan you submitted or the school’s curriculum has changed. Perhaps what works for a cl ass of well-behaved students will not work for an unruly one. A teacher must be able to adapt to any number of predictable and unpredictable situations. If you don’t think you’re sufficiently flexible, then teaching probably isn’t for you.2. You don’t like homework.Your students won’t be the only ones who’ll have tons of homework. A teacher’s workday rarely ends at the sound of the bell. There will be papers and tests to grade and lesson plans to prepare. Excited to have your summers off? Well, don’t get too excited, because your summers will be spent doing professional development work and getting ready for the next school year.3. You are not 100% comfortable with kids.As they say, kids can be cruel. And they don’t just pick on each other. Students may have it in for their teachers as well, and the monkey-see-monkey-do nature of the classroom may lead good kids to mimic the behavior of the bad ones. Before you know it, your class is out of control and it’s your job to rein it in. Some people have an innate ability to do this. They are natural-born teachers. However, if the thought of playing zookeeper to a room full of squealing, nasty (and perhaps even insulting) young people sounds terrible to you, you may want to choose another career path.4. You want to get rich.Do you want to make loads of money? Well, you aren’t going to get rich as a teacher. The average starting salary of a teacher in the U.S. is just $36,000, and teachers can spend hundreds of out-of-pocket dollars on class supplies. That isn’t to say that the job is not rewarding in countless other ways, or that the worth of a job is measured by the amount of a paycheck, but if making bank is your ultimate goal you’ll unfortunately have to look elsewhere.5. You can’t deal with parents.Maybe you love the kids†¦ but the parents? Not so much. This can be a real problem, since a teacher’s job of ten involves managing parents. When it comes to their children’s educations, parents can get pretty emotional or downright out of control. You might have a mom yelling at you or a dad breaking down in tears. Upping the â€Å"ick factor,† a parent might even hit on you. Such situations are tricky to navigate, and you never want to blame the student for a parent’s inappropriate behavior. If you become a teacher because you think kids are a dream and adults are a nightmare, you might be in for an unpleasant surprise when you have to deal with both on a regular basis.

How Local Merchants Can Work Together to Slow the Money in Ashland Essay

How Local Merchants Can Work Together to Slow the Money in Ashland - Essay Example This will circulate the money within the boundaries of Ashland and the profits generated by the local businesses would benefit the economy as a whole in terms of business expansions and growth. The merchants have started their businesses in Ashland for the convenience of residency they have in Ashland. They had put in their finances in different businesses like food, clothing etc. to make all necessary products available in the market for the people. For a success in business, Ashland’s entrepreneurs need to invest wisely in the business that has more demand and less supply. The reputation of businesses and awareness about ‘slow money’ ideas to develop the economy of Ashland is necessary to attract more local consumers. The local economy, with the help of proper marketing of the products, services and awareness about local circularization of money to improve the economy, would grow. The local merchants support each other as they have maintained good relationships between them. They may work together to improve the social and economic conditions of Ashland and reduce the crime rates, disputes and poverty that prevail

The Xbox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Xbox - Essay Example As everyone knows by now, Nintendo was the company that pioneered the cutting edge gaming consoles that we know of today. With its trendsetting Nintendo Family console systems, they redefined the way that we play video games via its motion sensor game system, the Wii. However, the Wii has recently fallen to the roadside as stiffer competition from the Sony Playstation and Microsoft Xbox began to offer better graphics, game play, and game titles. The Wii is perfect for entry level gamers but could prove to be a bore to the more serious game players. That is why game console experts do not recommend the Wii (Bakalar â€Å"Which Game Console Should You Buy?†) to: Those who are looking for a game console that doubles as an all-purpose entertainment hub, want state-of-the-art HD graphics, enjoy a robust online community, and/or those who prefer a wide selection of adult-targeted titles. In other words, you can get your feet wet in the Wii but dont expect to take a serious swim in it. Specially since the Wii has already been retired by Nintendo in favor of the newer but Wii U which has yet to catch on with the gaming market. The second serious motion gaming contender is the Playstation Move. Although its motion wand is nothing that should leave the Wii shaking in its wake, it does offer better graphics capabilities and game play than the pioneering console. Cnet Australia ranked this particular console as one of those destined to gather dust bunnies on your entertainment shelf due the limited motion gaming titles and problematic motion sensing system that results in a more complicated gaming system because: .. it also requires a camera to be installed near the TV, which wont actually be used for most PS3 games. It requires a few feet of distance to use, but most games only register the controllers motion, not yours... (Stein &Ackerman â€Å"Xbox 360 Kinect vs. PlayStation Move vs. Nintendo Wii Remote

The Masquerade nightclub Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Masquerade nightclub - Essay Example This site offers patrons the opportunity to buy tickets to shows online. Information about the club is also present. Conveniently located in downtown Atlanta, the Masquerade has been the hotspot since 1989. One of the outstanding qualities of the club is the live music. The music played live and DJ spun is not mainstream music. Although there are some local band the open other acts at the Masquerade, most of the music is from established bands. The booking information for the website states: Currently, the Masquerade provides services to clients living in or visiting Atlanta, Georgia. They have established a presence in the downtown market through local advertising vehicles, patron endorsements, and the Internet. All of the Masquerade’s supporting administrative duties is handled by computer (i.e., appointments, billing, purchases, etc.). The Internet targets the high tech patron of the Masquerade. As mentioned before the Masquerade has created a website at http://www.masq.com . The advantages of the development of a website are: The scope of this project will be to create a better web-based interface for the Masquerade’s customers. Currently the Masquerade has a basic website that is updated regularly, but lacks in depth, interesting hyperlinks. Hyperlinks for the different bands would help the Masquerade’s patron better understand what tickets they are buying. This would help the Masquerade promote their live acts more efficiently. User Interface is the connection between Masquerade, patrons, and bands.

Assessment for Learning Essay Example for Free

Assessment for Learning Essay â€Å"Assessment for learning is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there†. Assessment Reform Group, 2002 The teacher has ultimate responsibility for setting schemes of work for the class with clear objectives (Formative assessment) and writing end of term and end of year reports drawing together the information gained through assessment for learning. (Summative Assessment) The learning objectives are delivered to the class by the teacher and it is the TA’s responsibility to be aware of: †¢ the learning objectives, †¢ the personalised learning goals for individual learners. †¢ the success criteria for the learning activities †¢ the assessment opportunities and strategies relevant to their own role in the learning activities While taking the children through the scheme of work the TA will support the children by discussing their individual objectives this can also be done with groups of children who are working at the same level with the same learning outcomes. This is done to check that the children understand what is expected of them. This needs to be reviewed throughout the lesson. It is the TA’s job to pace the session to the learning style and ability of the children. At the end of the session the TA needs to give positive, factual feedback to the children and the teacher. This will include your observations on how the pupils responded and the strategies that were useful. The discussion between the teacher and the TA will enable further objectives to be set for the next lesson. Both the teacher and the TA are fully involved in the assessment of learner’ achievement with the TA fully supporting the teacher. 1. 2 Summarise the difference between formative and summative assessment. In 2004, at a conference of Assessors, Professor Paul Black pointed out â€Å"An assessment activity can help learning if it provides information to be used as feedback, by teachers, and by their students, in assessing themselves and each other, to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged. â€Å" Formative and Summative Assessment are the two main forms of assessment used by the teaching profession. Formative assessment (Assessment for Learning) is the type of assessment that takes place day to day during lesson time. It is the reviewing of progress and understanding of the pupil, against the learning objectives set by the teacher. This can be done in a variety of ways such as observation, open questioning of pupils, checking understanding and allowing the children to be involved in the reviewing process during and at the end of a lesson. It allows learners to self-assess and self-evaluate their learning experience hopefully enabling them to become responsible learners who understand what they have to improve to allow them to meet their goals. Formative Assessment: †¢ occurs during the learning †¢ done with learners †¢ processed focused †¢ to improve learning †¢ is personally referenced Summative Assessment (Assessment of Learning) is the pulling together of the learning outcomes of tests at the end of a scheme of work, formative assessment and professional judgements to provide an end of term report showing what the pupils have achieved, it could also take the form of a Key stage SATs. It is outcome focused, occurs after the learning has been taught and is a way of measuring and proving learning. Summative Assessment: †¢ occurs after the learning †¢ done to learners †¢ outcome focused †¢ to prove learning. †¢ externally referneced While the two forms of assessment are entirely different the resulting information from both types can be used to help with setting learning objectives. The two types of assessment are not necessarily to be used separately they should complement each other, as the use of Afl can help pupils perform better on summative assessment tasks and summative assessment can reflect the impact of Afl. 1. 3 Explain the characteristics of Assessment For Learning. Assessment for learning encourages the learner to take responsibility for their own learning and achievements. This is done by providing them with the following information: Learning intentions A learning intention is simply a description of what you want your pupils to know, understand or be able to do by the end of a lesson. It tells pupils what the focus for learning is going to be. They can also be call â€Å"Learning Objectives†, â€Å"Learning Goals† or† Learning Aims† Making sure that he pupils are aware of their learning intentions before the lesson begins in language that the pupils will identify with, focuses their attention to the learning and how to achieve their intention rather than the activity they are undertaking. This can help keep the pupil focused on task for longer by increasing their motivation. The pupils should be reminded of the learning intentions throughout the lesson. Success Criteria This shows the learners what they need to achieve to meet the ‘Learning Intentions’ Success Criteria: †¢ are linked to the learning intention; †¢ are specific to an activity; †¢ are discussed and agreed with pupils prior to undertaking the activity; †¢ provide a scaffold and focus for pupils while engaged in the activity; and †¢ are used as the basis for feedback and peer-/self-assessment. Formative feedback About the quality of their work and what they can do to make it better; Giving pupils’ feedback and allowing them to feedback to the teacher how they feel their learning went. . Ambergate school regularly asked the children how they think they have done by giving a â€Å"thumbs up†, â€Å"thumbs down† or â€Å"thumbs sideways† to indicate how the children feel about what they have been taught. Sometimes the children will be asked what they know of the subject about to be taught and to mark themselves out of ten in their books. At the end of the lesson they then give themselves another mark out of ten and compare how they have fared. Effective Questioning To create a classroom climate where pupils come up with their own ideas, think aloud and explore their understanding. Questioning should take the form of open-ended questions to encourage the children putting their own ideas forward without being led by an adult. The adult can then ask the children’s peers what they think of another child’s idea to generate feedback. Generally in the lessons in Ambergate school the children are reminded when working to ask, who, what, when, why and how to ensure they get sufficient feedback to enable them with the tasks set. Peer and Self-Assessment and Evaluation. Peer and Self-Assessment enables learners to recognise success in their own and others’ work and to focus on how they are learning as well as what they are learning. Ambergate school regularly asked the children how they think they have done by giving a â€Å"thumbs up†, â€Å"thumbs down† or â€Å"thumbs sideways† to indicate how the children feel about what they have been taught. Sometimes the children will be asked what they know of the subject about to be taught and to mark themselves out of ten in their books. At the end of the lesson they then give themselves another mark out of ten and compare how they have fared. To summarise Assessment for learning meets individuals needs and maximises their full potential through continual monitoring. All staff are allowed to contribute to future planning by feeding their findings back to the teacher. 1. 4 Explain the importance and benefit of assessment for learning. Continuous assessment improves performance and behaviour, allows pupils to work more independently and it also improves motivation and risk taking. By increasing two way communications Assessment for Learning helps to strengthen the teacher pupil relations. From the teachers point of view AFl improves planning and delivery of the lessons while creating an opportunity to check the quality of the lessons and amend activities to ensure they meet the learning needs. For the child it tells them where they are with their learning in each subject, gives them ideas on how to further achieve to ultimately get success in the given goal. Assessment approaches need to promote learner engagement and ensure appropriate support so that all learners can achieve their aspirational goals and maximise their potential. It has been proven that children who do not feel part of the learner process quickly lose interest. Therefore, responses should be based on thoughtful questions, careful listening and reflective responses and effective feedback strategies. 1. 5 Explain how assessment can contribute to planning for future learning carried out by †¢ The Teacher Assessment for Learning helps the teacher to make well-founded judgements about pupil’s attainment while placing responsibility for managing learning on the child, with the goal of pupils being more actively involved with the learning process. As indicated above, the process involves explaining learning outcomes to pupils, providing them with feedback on their progress and enabling them to develop their self-assessment skills so that they are able to reflect on, and recognise, their own achievements. Knowing precisely what the pupil understands then moving them on leads to effective learning. †¢ The Learners The process will keep the pupil informed of on-going process, giving them an insight into how they learn and which areas they need to improve to achieve the objectives set. This helps to increase their confidence, motivation and independence and also how to recognise when they need to ask for help. †¢ The Learning Support Practitioner. Assessment for learning will provide you with information of how each child learns and the knowledge they already have, which will help in how you further question the pupil. This can be tailored to suit the individual pupils pace and ability to learn. In a recent Maths lesson on Division techniques, on periodically checking the children’s understanding it became clear that they knew how to divide using the Chunking Method but the answers that some of the children were getting were incorrect. This caused the TA to check their work and come to the conclusion that the children’s knowledge in subtraction of 3 figure numbers was letting them down. On feeding back to the teacher she said she had noticed the same problem with the group of children that she was supporting. With this feedback, the TA and the Teacher implemented a refresher lesson on subtraction in the next Maths lesson to fill the gap in the children’s knowledge and allow the children to move forward with their knowledge and ultimate success with Division Techniques. Bibliography www. education. gov. uk Assessment for Learning for KS1 and KS2 Northern Ireland Supporting Teaching and Learning L3 – Louise Burnham.